The Ottoman Turks(who didn't particularly exist during any of the basic Crusades) The Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt (who then lost to the Ottomans) The Kingdoms of Castille, Aragon, and Portugal in Spain Various North African potentates The French Monarchy
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Date: 2005-12-07 05:27 pm (UTC)The Ottoman Turks(who didn't particularly exist during any of the basic Crusades)
The Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt (who then lost to the Ottomans)
The Kingdoms of Castille, Aragon, and Portugal in Spain
Various North African potentates
The French Monarchy